Normal Profile¶
The normal profile, along with widening and superelevation, is important for determining the design of both road bodies and intersections.
Methods for describing the normal profile¶
In Gemini Terrain, the normal profile (road body) can be described in three ways:
- Parametric
- Manual
- 3D lines
This chapter covers the parametric method. See Road Design for the difference between the parametric and manual methods.
In the properties dialog for SFI-model, you find the methods under the Road tab. At the top of the dialog, you find the method for parametric road.
In parametric road, you describe the normal profile with parameters. You can add these manually to the road project, but normally you start from a template (Use template...). Templates have been created for all road classes in N100.
You can change the road parameters freely along the road alignment. Furthermore, you can dimension widening and superelevation automatically according to requirements in N100, which is described in more detail below.
Basic widths in the normal profile¶
The basic widths in the normal profile are placed in these road parameters:
- Code 0010 - Median 1, width
- Code 0040 - Median 4, width (shoulder)
- Code 0110 - Carriageway 1, width
- Code 0130 - Carriageway 3, width
- Code 0210 - Shoulder 1, width
Superelevation and cross fall¶
Data for the following road parameter is calculated:
- Code 0111 - Carriageway 1, slope (superelevation/cross fall)
The purpose of superelevation is to counteract lateral forces, ensure water drainage (minimum cross fall dH = 3 cm per meter width, 3 %) and provide good driving comfort.
A* = Crown slope, B* = One-way slope
Superelevation buildup must not happen too quickly – it will feel like a jolt in the vehicle. Therefore, there are requirements for the length of the buildup. The clothoid is well-suited for superelevation buildup due to gradual and linear change of curvature, and thus centrifugal force.
The selection for superelevation automatically calculates superelevation diagrams according to the given design class.
Widening¶
Data for the following road parameters is calculated:
- Code 0120 - Carriageway 2, width (widening for carriageway 1)
- Code 0140 - Carriageway 4, width (widening for carriageway 3)
Automatic dimensioning from N100¶
Handbook N100 provides dimensions for the normal profile for each design class. The road design library in Gemini Terrain automatically retrieves values according to the class for the following parameters:
- Median
- Median shoulder
- Carriageway 1
- Carriageway 2
- Shoulder
and calculates the values for:
- Superelevation
- Widening
Info
You can read more about the road design library in Road Dimensioning Library.
Parameter reference¶
The tables below show all parameters with some of their properties. Units for values or positive direction for slopes are indicated. Whether the value changes linearly (interpolated) or is constant between values is also specified.
Parameters for road surface¶
| Parameter name | New code | Unit | Note | Intermediate values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median 1 width | 0010 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Median 1 slope | 0011 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Median 2 width | 0020 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Median 2 slope | 0021 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Median 3 width | 0030 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Median 3 slope | 0031 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Median 4 width | 0040 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Median 4 slope | 0041 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Median 5 width | 0050 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Median 5 slope | 0051 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Median 6 width | 0060 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Median 6 slope | 0061 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Median 7 width | 0070 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Median 7 slope | 0071 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Median 8 width | 0080 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Median 8 slope | 0081 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Median 9 width | 0090 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Median 9 slope | 0091 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Carriageway 1, width | 0110 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Carriageway 1, slope | 0111 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Carriageway 2, width (widening) | 0120 | Meter | calculated when generating widening from road class | Interpolated |
| Carriageway 2, slope | 0121 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Carriageway 3, width | 0130 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Carriageway 3, slope | 0131 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Carriageway 4, width (widening) | 0140 | Meter | calculated when generating widening from road class with four lanes | Interpolated |
| Carriageway 4, slope | 0141 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Carriageway 5, width | 0150 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Carriageway 5, slope | 0151 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Carriageway 6, width | 0160 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Carriageway 6, slope | 0161 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Carriageway 7, width | 0170 | Meter | e.g. emergency lane | Interpolated |
| Carriageway 7, slope | 0171 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Carriageway 8, width | 0180 | Meter | e.g. emergency bay / bus bay | Interpolated |
| Carriageway 8, slope | 0181 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Carriageway 9, width | 0190 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Carriageway 9, slope | 0191 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Shoulder 1, width | 0210 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Shoulder 1, slope | 0211 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Shoulder, slope (relative to carriageway) | 0212 | Decimal down | applies to all shoulder surfaces | Interpolated |
| Shoulder 2, width | 0220 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Shoulder 2, slope | 0221 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Shoulder 3, width (barrier extension) | 0230 | Meter | added when fill height, height difference between road edge and fill toe, is greater than value given in parameter 0790 boundary low/high fill | Interpolated |
| Shoulder 3, slope | 0231 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Shoulder 4, width | 0240 | Meter | e.g. curb | Interpolated |
| Shoulder 4, slope | 0241 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Shoulder 5, width | 0250 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Shoulder 5, slope | 0251 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Shoulder 6, width | 0260 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Shoulder 6, slope | 0261 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Shoulder 7, width | 0270 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Shoulder 7, slope | 0271 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Shoulder 8, width | 0280 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Shoulder 8, slope | 0281 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Shoulder 9, width | 0290 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Shoulder 9, slope | 0291 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Additional surface 1, width (road-sidewalk separator 1) | 0310 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Additional surface 1, slope (road-sidewalk separator 1) | 0311 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Additional surface 2, width (road-sidewalk separator 2) | 0320 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Additional surface 2, slope (road-sidewalk separator 2) | 0321 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Additional surface 3, width (road-sidewalk separator 3) | 0330 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Additional surface 3, slope (road-sidewalk separator 3) | 0331 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Additional surface 4, width | 0340 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Additional surface 4, slope | 0341 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Additional surface 5, width (sidewalk inner shoulder) | 0350 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Additional surface 5, slope (sidewalk inner shoulder) | 0351 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Additional surface 6, width (sidewalk) | 0360 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Additional surface 6, slope (sidewalk) | 0361 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Additional surface 7, width (sidewalk outer shoulder) | 0370 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Additional surface 7, slope (sidewalk outer shoulder) | 0371 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Additional surface 8, width | 0380 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Additional surface 8, slope | 0381 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Additional surface 9, width | 0390 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Additional surface 9, slope | 0391 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Ditch 1, width | 0410 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Ditch 1, slope | 0411 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Ditch 2, width | 0420 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Ditch 2, slope | 0421 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Ditch 3, width | 0430 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Ditch 3, slope | 0431 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Ditch 4, width | 0440 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Ditch 4, slope | 0441 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Ditch 5, width | 0450 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Ditch 5, slope | 0451 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Ditch 6, width | 0460 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Ditch 6, slope | 0461 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Ditch 7, width | 0470 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Ditch 7, slope | 0471 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Ditch 8, width | 0480 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Ditch 8, slope | 0481 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Ditch 9, width | 0490 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Ditch 9, slope | 0491 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Rock cut 1, width | 0510 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Rock cut 1, slope | 0511 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Rock cut 2, width | 0520 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Rock cut 2, slope | 0521 | Decimal up | Interpolated | |
| Rock cut 3, width | 0530 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Rock cut 3, slope | 0531 | Decimal | Interpolated | |
| Rock cut 4, width | 0540 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Rock cut 4, slope | 0541 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Rock cut 5, width | 0550 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Rock cut 5, slope | 0551 | Decimal up | Interpolated | |
| Rock cut 6, width | 0560 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Rock cut 6, slope | 0561 | Decimal | Interpolated | |
| Rock cut 7, width | 0570 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Rock cut 7, slope | 0571 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Rock cut 8, width | 0580 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Rock cut 8, slope | 0581 | Decimal up | Interpolated | |
| Rock bench, width | 0590 | Meter | Constant | |
| Rock bench addition, percent | 0591 | No unit | Constant | |
| Soil cut 1, width | 0610 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Soil cut 1, slope | 0611 | Decimal up | Interpolated | |
| Soil cut 2, width | 0620 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Soil cut 2, slope | 0621 | Decimal up | Interpolated | |
| Soil cut 3, width | 0630 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Soil cut 3, slope | 0631 | Decimal up | Interpolated | |
| Soil cut 4, width | 0640 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Soil cut 4, slope | 0641 | Decimal up | Interpolated | |
| Soil cut 5, width | 0650 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Soil cut 5, slope | 0651 | Decimal up | Interpolated | |
| Soil cut 6, width | 0660 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Soil cut 6, slope | 0661 | Decimal up | Interpolated | |
| Soil cut 7, width | 0670 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Soil cut 7, slope | 0671 | Decimal up | Interpolated | |
| Soil cut 8, width | 0680 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Soil cut 8, slope | 0681 | Decimal up | Interpolated | |
| Fill 1, width | 0710 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Fill 1, slope (low) | 0711 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Fill 2, width | 0720 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Fill 2, slope | 0721 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Fill 3, width | 0730 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Fill 3, slope | 0731 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Fill 4, width | 0740 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Fill 4, slope (low) | 0741 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Fill 5, width | 0750 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Fill 5, slope | 0751 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Fill 6, width | 0760 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Fill 6, slope | 0761 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Fill 7, width | 0770 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Fill 7, slope (low) | 0771 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Fill 8, width | 0780 | Meter | Interpolated | |
| Fill 8, slope | 0781 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Boundary low/high fill, height | 0790 | Meter | Constant | |
| Fill 1, slope (high) | 0791 | Decimal down | Interpolated |
Parameters for pavement¶
| Parameter name | New code | Unit | Note | Intermediate values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Surface course, carriageway | 1111 | Meter | Constant | |
| Surface course, shoulder | 1112 | Meter | Constant | |
| Binder course 1 | 1121 | Meter | Constant | |
| Binder course 2 | 1131 | Meter | Constant | |
| Base course 1 | 1141 | Meter | Constant | |
| Base course 2 | 1151 | Meter | Constant | |
| Subbase layer 1 soil | 1161 | Meter | Constant | |
| Subbase layer 1 rock | 1162 | Meter | Constant | |
| Subbase layer 2 | 1171 | Meter | Constant | |
| Filter/frost protection layer | 1172 | Meter | Constant | |
| Surface course, additional surfaces 6 (sidewalk) | 1311 | Meter | Constant | |
| Surface course, additional surfaces 5,7 (sidewalk shoulder) | 1312 | Meter | Constant | |
| Binder course 1, additional surfaces 5-7 (sidewalk) | 1321 | Meter | Constant | |
| Base course 1, additional surfaces 5-7 (sidewalk) | 1341 | Meter | Constant | |
| Subbase layer 1 soil, additional surfaces 5-7 | 1361 | Meter | Constant | |
| Subbase layer 1 rock, additional surfaces 5-7 | 1362 | Meter | Constant | |
| Filter/frost protection layer, additional surfaces 5-7 | 1381 | Meter | Constant | |
| Stone pitching | 1910 | Meter | On outermost carriageway or shoulder surface | Constant |
| Excavation slope | 1920 | Meter | Constant |
Parameters for subgrade¶
| Parameter name | New code | Unit | Note | Intermediate values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deep excavation | 9101 | Meter | Constant | |
| Deep excavation cross fall | 9102 | Decimal down | Interpolated | |
| Cross fall trough bottom | 9201 | Decimal down | Interpolated |
Next step¶
Once the normal profile is defined, you generate the cross-sections with the profile generator and perform the mass calculation. See the overall work process for road design.